In 1956, when describing the form of an elliptical planetary orbit,Johannes Kepler believed there is a planet between Mars and Jupiter.
mathematical calculation of Johann Daniel Titus and Johann Bode in elert1772 (Titus-Bode law) also support this prediction.
In August 1789, the group examined planetary Celestial policeThis missing. Among them there from the German astronomer, Heinrich Olbers,who found a second asteroit, Pallas. In a letter, he raisesThe first theories asteroit tentangasal-proposal. "Could Ceres and Pallascouples only a fraction of the larger planets and occupy betweenplanets Mars and Jupiter?, "in the letter.
Olbers argued that fragments of the planet will be in the opposite directionwhen there was an explosion and its orbit opposite. He studied two areas each nightand on 29 mart 1807 discovered Vesta. After several nights of observation,Olbers send the calculation to a mathematician, Carl Friedrich Gaussthe latter also calculates that the orbit of Pallas just 10 hours.He gave the name of the orbit of Olbers's findings with the name of Vesta, the goddess Ceres brotherin Greek mythology.
Vesta is the second largest object in the form asteroit. This thing is interesting because it has dark and bright parts on the surface like the moon. Observations from Earth indicate that Vesta has basald area which means there is lava flowing on the surface. irregular shape with a flat pole. Vesta can sometimes be seen with the naked eye from Earth.
When Vesta close to Earth in 1996, Hubble teleskup mapping the surface topography.This mapping shows a giant crater at the south pole of Vesta interior reveal.The diameter of the crater was about 460 km, whereas Vesta is only 530 km long. crater was cutup to 13 miles into and may be formed from the early days of the plant.material from these plants produce Vestoid, namely asteroids orbitingnear Vesta and some hit the earth. Unlike other asteroids, Vesta as the earth interior. Vesta has a skin which consists of cold lava rock that covers the mantle and the core of iron-nickel. This issue of the opinion that the minor planet Vesta is an asteroid instead. Vesta's core formed since 10 million years after solar system formation. basald skin Vesta also formed rapidly over a few million years.
Table of chemical elements now have two new members and flerovium livermorium. The second new element was introduced by the international union of pure and applied chemistry, earlier this month.The new name will be socialized before the official perodik inserted into the table.
Meanwhile, three other elements are also in the process of completion and will be the element number 110.111 and 112. The five elements are very large and unstable is only made in the laboratoryonce experienced rapid separation into a new element.Little is known of this new element because it is not found in nature. The unstable nature makes the researchers could not do anything to berekspeimen with this unsuer.These elements are very heavy and similar uranium so-called transuranium elements.
But all four of them have not been confirmed by the international union. so confirmed these elements are also introduced to the public soon.
CONTRIBUTION OF SCIENTISTS
Same with the four candidates of the other elements, livermorium and flerovium also produced in the same laboratory.There, Russian researchers working with American researchers from Lawence Livermore National Laboratory, California.
The element 114 previously known as ununquadium. Flevorium named [F1] to commemorate the founder of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions physicist who is also Russia, Georgiy Flerov [sebilanbelas thirteen-nineteen ninety].Flerov work Dulu.hasil Joseph Stalin during the early development of Soviet atomic bomb project. The researchers first looked flevorium after the firing of calcium ions into a plutonium.
While the first element named ununhexium, almost moscovium named according to the name of the province where the lab was located [moscow]. But finally, some American researchers gave the name livervorium [LV], in accordance with the original name of their laboratory, Livermore.
Livermorium was first observed in 2000 when the scientists crush for calcium atoms and curium.
"Proposing the names of these elements is not only the contribution of scientists from laboratories in the field of nuclear, heavy and super heavy elements, but also the phenomenal cooperation between scientists in the two locations," said Bill Goldstein, director of Lawrence Livermore NationalLab'Physical and Life Science leader, on 3 December last.
Exploration to locate people who can live more intensivelyperformed with the launch of Curiosity to Mars.Robot explorers U.S. $ 2.5 billion worth of propertyNASA's Mars Science Laboratory was recently launched from Cape CanaveralFlorida, United States sticks Gale crater on Mars.
Curiosity is weighing a ton was in charge of collecting the data whether the arealanding once had or still has environmental conditions favorablefor human life.
Robot designed by Russian scientists were equipped with 17 cameras,a robotic arm, the laser beam and a drill to break stones on the red planet.
"This is a dream machine the researchers Mars," said Ashwin Vasavada. project scientistat NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in Pasadena. Gale Crater landing site was chosen asbecause the region has ever seen a sign of water and organic materials.During the 23 months after landing, Curiosity will analyze rocks and soil samples.
Gale Crater beat the other candidates, namely Eberswalde Crater, Holden Crater and valley Mawrth.
Sergey Savaliev, deputy head of Russia's federal space agency, explained that the project iscontinuation of joint activities to explore Mars. "We want to improve the re-understandinginternational community on exploration and knowledge of the planet. "
TO MARS
on 26 november ago, Atlas V rocket - a vehicle carrying 541Mars Science Laboratory's shot from the base of Cape Canaveral, Florida. The spacecraft'swill roam as far as 352 million miles to Mars. In August 2012, the aircraftexpected to reach the planet and reduce Curiosity.
Previously a number of vehicles had slid first to Mars, including Mars ReconnaissanceOrbiter [since 2006], Mars Express [since 2003], Mars Odyssey2001 [2001] and Opportunity [since 2004]. While the missions are alreadycompletion is the Mars Global Surveyor [1997 - 2006], and Spiritof the year [2004 - 2010].
NASA executives promised, Curiosity mission will help to uncover the secret history of the environmentplanet Mars. Equipment was used to examine whether the landing area ever unconditioned propmicrobiological life.
"I am very enthusiastic wait Curiosity landed on Mars and landed something we're looking for," saidJohn Grotzinger, scientists who are members of the Mars Science Laboratory mission, after the launch of the Atlas rocket.
J Michael Mumma, a senior NASA scientist said sure the planet Mars has a requirement for human life inemergency conditions. He was referring to methane in the atmosphere of the red planet. "Life can surely grow in there,"Mumma said.
Dogs are now familiar with the lives of people believed to be descendants of wolves. but
although the genetic data, morphology and behavior clearly shows that, scientists have not
find a deal on parts of the world where it begins the process of domestication.
Recently researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, admitted to having a strong evidence
ancestor of the dog can trace down to south east Asia. the findings were
contrary to the theory that places the Middle East as ancestral dogs.
Peter Savolainen, KTH researchers say the field of evolutionary genetics, Y-chromosome DNA analysis
do confirm that the area south of the Yangtze River where the first human
domesticate wolves. "We call it ASY region, in southern China or Southeast Asia," he said.
Is the adoption of domestication of wild plants and animals into the human environment.
Y data support previous evidence from mitochondrial DNA. If the combine said Savolainen
The second study provides very strong evidence that the dogs are from the ASY.
He denies that the dog came from the Middle East.
Together with a number of researchers china, Savolainen analyze dna male dogs from around the world. studies
was published in the journal Heredity. Half of the dog gene pool is universally spread
throughout the world, but only the region ASY has whole range of genetic diversity.
"The research confirms the southern part of the Yangtze river in Asia is very important and perhaps the only
the domestication of wolves and there are many wolves are in domestication. "
